An aircraft 1 nm laterally from the station would receive the same DME indication as an aircraft 1 nm, about 6,000 feet, directly above the station. DME equipment uses a UHF (L-band) transmitter/receiver (interrogator) in the aircraft and a UHF (L-band) receiver/transmitter (transponder) on the ground to measure distance from a station, giving pilots an indication of the aircraft’s distance from the VOR station.ĭME is a “slant distance”- a straight line from the station to the aircraft receiver. It is common for Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) to be co-located with a VOR station. Some general aviation and all transport aircraft have multiple independent VOR systems. Handheld VOR transceivers may also be used. Antenna and VHFĪircraft equipment includes a VOR antenna, a VOR frequency selector such as the Bendix/King KNS 80 or the Garmin GNC 255, and a cockpit instrument to display the course information-either a Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) or Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI). ![]() The ground component transmits signals to the aircraft component. VOR components include the ground component and the aircraft component. In some cases a voice signal is broadcast with the station name with recorded advisories. Therefore, it is necessary that pilots identify a VOR before navigating to it to ensure the proper navigation aid is selected. Because VOR signals have a range of about 200 miles, it is possible for an aircraft to receive multiple VOR signals. VOR stations broadcast the three letter identifier in Morse code. At the most simple level, a VOR is a type of navigation system for aircraft, using very high frequency radio signals emitted by radio beacons. VOR stands for very high frequency omni-directional range and is a navigation aid (navaid). This article will discuss what a VOR is and how VOR navigation works. Private pilot and instrument rating candidates may be asked to explain the difference between a VOR, a VOR-DME, and a VORTAC. When going over the elements of a sectional chart, an examiner may point out a blue circle with radial marks and ask you what it is. ![]() According to the FAA’s Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM), “the key concept of the MON is to ensure that an aircraft will always be within 100 nm of an airport with an instrument approach that is not dependent on GPS.”įAA knowledge tests and private pilot practical tests will include some discussion of VOR navigation. This backup infrastructure is known as the VOR Minimum Operational Network (VOR MON).
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